Indicators: moving averages and bands (SMA, EMA, Bollinger, Keltner)
The Averages & volatility group of the Indicators library holds the eight base studies: SMA, EMA, WMA, Hull MA, ATR, Bollinger, Keltner and Donchian. Each one is a pure calculation on the loaded bars, with a warm-up that stays empty until the full window exists.
Senzoukria · Documentation · Updated September 2026
Where to find it
- Where
- Chart toolbar → Indicators → group "Library · Averages & volatility"
- Studies
- SMA, EMA, WMA, Hull MA, ATR (Wilder), Bollinger, Keltner, Donchian
- Default period
- 20 for SMA/EMA/WMA/Bollinger/Donchian, 16 for Hull MA, 14 for ATR
- Target
- Overlay on price, except ATR which opens its own pane
What it does
These eight studies are the first wave of the series library. They consume the aggregated OHLC of each bar (close, high, low) plus, for the four averages, an optional alternative source. Nothing here reads the bid × ask levels or the tick size, so the group behaves identically on Rithmic futures, on a bridge feed or on the crypto footprint.
SMA is the arithmetic mean of the last N values. EMA seeds with the SMA of the first N samples, then applies alpha = 2/(N+1), the convention that matches TradingView and ATAS. WMA weights the window linearly, the most recent value weighing N. Hull MA is WMA over round(sqrt N) applied to 2·WMA(N/2) − WMA(N). ATR is Wilder's: the first true range is high − low, later ones take the previous close into account, and the smoothing is (N−1)/N.
Bollinger draws SMA(N) ± k·σ with the population standard deviation (÷N). Keltner draws EMA(N) ± k·ATR(M), the Linda Raschke variant. Donchian draws the highest high and lowest low over N bars with the midpoint as basis. The three band studies render as one filled band shape with a basis line.
Settings
| Study | Setting | Default (range) | What it changes |
|---|---|---|---|
| SMA / EMA / WMA | Period | 20 (1–500) | Window length; the line stays empty until N bars are loaded |
| Hull MA | Period | 16 (1–500) | Full window N; half and sqrt windows are derived from it |
| SMA / EMA / WMA / Hull | Source | Close (Close, Delta, Volume) | Value averaged; Delta and Volume are not on the price scale |
| SMA / EMA / WMA / Hull | Color | blue / orange / purple / cyan | Line color |
| ATR (Wilder) | Period | 14 (1–200) | Wilder smoothing length, drawn in a pane |
| Bollinger | Period | 20 (2–200) | SMA basis and σ window |
| Bollinger | σ multiplier | 2 (0.5–5, step 0.1) | Band half-width in standard deviations |
| Keltner | EMA period | 20 (1–200) | Basis line |
| Keltner | ATR period | 10 (1–200) | Volatility used for the band width |
| Keltner | ATR multiplier | 2 (0.5–5, step 0.1) | Band half-width in ATR units |
| Donchian | Period | 20 (1–200) | Lookback for highest high and lowest low |
How to use it
Open the Indicators panel from the chart toolbar, type in the search field ("Search by study, measure or data…") or scroll to the Averages & volatility group, switch the study on and open its settings. Starring a study moves it to the Favourites group at the top of the list. The Study guide card of each entry lists its measure, required data and unit.
The Source select on SMA, EMA, WMA and Hull MA lets you average the bar delta or the bar volume instead of the close. The study is declared as an overlay, so a delta or volume average is drawn on the price scale; routing it to a dedicated pane is a known limit of the current contract. For a smoothed delta in its own pane, prefer the Delta group studies described in the delta page.
Limits and pitfalls
- Warm-up is strict: no partial average is ever drawn. A 20-period SMA has no value on the first 19 bars, and Hull MA needs the whole chain (WMA of N, then WMA of sqrt N) before its first point.
- Bollinger uses the population σ (÷N). A platform that uses the sample σ (÷(N−1)) will show slightly wider bands for the same period.
- Keltner defaults are 20/10/2. The Squeeze study in the Volatility group recomputes its own Keltner with 20/20/1.5 and does not reuse these settings.
- The library cannot certify the coverage or freshness of the chart data; an average over a partially loaded history is an average over what is loaded.
- Nothing here places orders or predicts a result; these are descriptive calculations.
Related pages
- Advanced averages (DEMA, KAMA, Supertrend)
- Volatility studies
- Momentum studies
- Learn: VWAP explained
- EMA study
- Bollinger study
- Keltner study
- Footprint chart
This page in other languages
Frequently asked questions
- Why does the EMA differ from another platform on the first bars?
- Senzoukria seeds the EMA with the SMA of the first N samples and then applies alpha = 2/(N+1). Platforms that seed with the first close converge to the same values after a few multiples of N but differ at the start of the loaded history.
- Can I draw a moving average of the delta?
- Yes: set Source to Delta on SMA, EMA, WMA or Hull MA. The study stays an overlay on the price scale, so read it as a shape rather than a level; the Delta group offers the same idea with a pane.
- Is Hull MA the same as the HMA listed elsewhere?
- The library has a single Hull implementation with id hull and default period 16. No duplicate HMA entry exists, because the catalog rule is one id = one formula.